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ISTQB

The International Software Testing Qualifications Board (ISTQB) is a globally recognized organization that provides certification for software testers. It was established to create a standardized and professional approach to software testing across the world.

ISTQB certifications help individuals understand software testing concepts, improve testing skills, and build a strong career in the software testing field.

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1. Which statement BEST describes a black‑box test technique?
Which statement BEST describes a black‑box test technique? It designs tests from specified behavior without looking at internal structure It designs tests from historical defect data only It designs tests from compiler error messages
2. Which statement BEST describes a white‑box test technique?
It is based only on requirements It is based on internal structure and processing of the test object It is based on user feedback alone It ignores how the software is implemented
3. Which statement BEST describes an experience‑based test technique?
It is based on formal models only It relies on tester knowledge and experience to design tests It depends solely on code coverage metrics It cannot be used without detailed specifications
4. A tester designs tests from a state diagram without looking at the code. Which category does this technique belong to?
White‑box Black‑box Experience‑based Static Analysis
5. A tester derives tests to cover all branches in the control flow graph of a module. Which category of test technique is being used?
Black-box White-box Experience‑based Collaboration‑based
6. A tester designs tests based on a list of common errors from previous projects. Which category is this?
Black-box White-box Experience-based Static
7. Which statement BEST explains why black‑box tests remain useful even if the implementation changes?
They ignore behavior They are based on specified behavior, not implementation They are generated from code They rely only on tool output
8. Which statement BEST explains when white‑box test cases can be created?
Before any design exists Only after the internal design or implementation is available Only after acceptance tests Only during maintenance
9. Why are experience‑based techniques considered complementary to black‑box and white‑box techniques?
They replace both They can detect defects those techniques might miss They only find the same defects They are only for non‑functional testing
10. Which of the following BEST describes "test technique"?
A specific test case A systematic method used to derive test conditions and test cases The test environment configuration A type of defect
11. What is the main idea of equivalence partitioning (EP)?
Testing only invalid inputs Grouping inputs that should be processed the same way and testing one from each group Testing all possible input values Testing only boundary values
12. In EP, what is a "valid" partition?
Values the system should reject Values not covered by requirements Values that the system should process as defined Values that cause failures
13. Which statement about equivalence partitions is TRUE?
They must overlap They must be non‑empty and non‑overlapping They cover only user interface inputs They apply only to numeric data
14. In EP, what is considered a coverage item?
Each code statement Each equivalence partition Each defect Each test step
15. When 100% EP coverage is achieved, what does it mean?
All statements executed At least one test case exercises every identified partition (valid and invalid) All possible inputs tested Both states and transitions covered
16. Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is based on which assumption?
Errors occur only in the middle of partitions Values far from boundaries are most error‑prone Defects are more likely at partition boundaries Boundaries are irrelevant for defects
17. Boundary Value Analysis (BVA) is based on which assumption?
Errors occur only in the middle of partitions Values far from boundaries are most error‑prone Defects are more likely at partition boundaries Boundaries are irrelevant for defects
18. For which type of partitions can BVA be applied?
Unordered partitions only Ordered partitions Only discrete partitions Only Boolean partitions
19. In 2‑value BVA, what are the coverage items around a single boundary?
Only the boundary value Boundary and its neighbor in the same partition Boundary value and its closest neighbor in the adjacent partition Two random values
20. Why is 3‑value BVA more rigorous than 2‑value BVA?
It tests multiple neighbors around each boundary It ignores invalid values It needs fewer tests It tests only mid‑partition values
21. What is a key strength of decision table testing?
It focuses only on boundaries It systematically covers combinations of conditions and actions It tests only invalid data It uses internal code structure
22. In a decision table, what does each column typically represent?
A single state A decision rule -- a unique combination of conditions with resulting actions A code branch A single test step
23. In limited‑entry decision tables, how are condition values represented?
As real numbers only As free text only As Boolean values (true/false) As color codes
24. In decision table testing, what are the coverage items?
Rows Branches Columns with feasible combinations of conditions Equivalence partitions
25. What is a main risk when decision tables have many conditions?
Too few rules Exponential growth in combinations making exhaustive coverage expensive No duplication of rules Inability to detect contradictions
26. What does state transition testing model?
Code structure only System behavior as states and transitions triggered by events Only user interface flow Only performance behavior
27. In a state diagram, what does a transition represent?
Change in code coverage Change from one state to another triggered by an event (and optional guard) Change in user role Change in test environment
28. Which of the following is TRUE about state tables compared to state diagrams?
State tables hide invalid transitions State tables explicitly show invalid transitions as empty cells State tables cannot show actions State tables are only for white‑box testing
29. In state transition testing, what are the coverage items for all states coverage?
Transitions States Events Partitions
30. Your favorite daily bicycle rental store has implemented a new Customer Relationship Management (CRM) system and asked you, one of their most loyal members, to test it. The implemented features are as follows:
R4 R2 R6 R8
31. You are testing a system whose lifecycle is modeled by the state transition diagram shown below. The system starts in the INIT state and ends its operation in the OFF state.
4 2 7 3
32. Your test suite achieved 100% statement coverage.
Each instruction in the code that contains a defect has been executed at least once Any test suite containing more test cases than your test suite will also achieve 100% statement coverage Each path in the code has been executed at least once Every combination of input values has been tested at least once
33. In your project, there has been a delay in the release of a brand-new application, and test execution started late. You possess detailed domain knowledge and strong analytical skills. The full set of requirements has not yet been shared with the team, but management is asking for some test results to be presented.
Checklist-based testing Error guessing Exploratory testing Branch testing
34. Which of the following is NOT true for white-box testing?
During white-box testing the entire software implementation is considered White-box coverage metrics can help identify additional tests to increase code coverage White-box test techniques can be used in static testing White-box testing can help identify gaps in requirements implementation
35. A functional requirement states that pressure values must always be positive and must remain within the range of 100 to 200 pounds for a particular tank (100 and 200 are inclusive).
A series of tests where pressure is set to 98, 110, and 201 pounds A series of tests where pressure is set to 98, 100, and 200 pounds A series of tests where pressure is set to 100, 110, and 200 pounds A series of tests where pressure is set to -1, 0, 175, and 297 pounds
36. Which of the following statements about branch testing is correct?
If a program includes only unconditional branches, then 100% branch coverage can be achieved without executing any test cases If the test cases exercise all unconditional branches in the code, then 100% branch coverage is achieved If 100% statement coverage is achieved, then 100% branch coverage is also achieved If 100% branch coverage is achieved, then all decision outcomes in each decision statement in the code are exercised
37. You are testing a machine that scores exam papers and assigns grades. The grade mapping by score is as follows: 1-49 = F, 50-59 = D-, 60-69 = D, 70-79 = C, 80-89 = B, 90-100 = A
6 8 10 12
38. You are testing a machine that scores exam papers and assigns grades. The grading scheme is: 1-49 = F, 50-59 = D-, 60-69 = D, 70-79 = C, 80-89 = B, 90-100 = A
8 10 12 14
39. An application validates a numeric field as follows: values less than 10 are rejected; values from 10 through 21 are accepted; values greater than or equal to 22 are rejected
10, 11, 21 3, 20, 21 3, 10, 22 10, 21, 22
40. You have been given the following requirement: A user must log in to the system with a valid username and password. If they fail to enter the correct combination three times, they will receive an error and will have to wait 10 minutes before trying again. The test terminates when the user successfully logs in.
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