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International Software Qualification Test Board

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ISTQB

The International Software Testing Qualifications Board (ISTQB) is a globally recognized organization that provides certification for software testers. It was established to create a standardized and professional approach to software testing across the world.

ISTQB certifications help individuals understand software testing concepts, improve testing skills, and build a strong career in the software testing field.

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1. Which of the following BEST describes software testing?
A one-time activity performed after coding A set of activities to discover defects and evaluate quality of work products The activity of fixing defects found in the code An optional activity if developers perform reviews
2. In ISTQB terms, what is a test object?
Only the executable code of the system Any tool used by testers Any work product under test, such as code or documentation Only the deployed production system
3. Which option BEST distinguishes a defect from a failure?
A defect is observed during execution; a failure is in design documents A defect is the human mistake; a failure is the bug in code A defect is an imperfection in a work product; a failure is the deviation in behavior during execution There is no difference; the terms are synonyms
4. Which of the following BEST describes an error (mistake)?
A deviation of the system behavior from expected results during execution A flaw in a work product A human action that produces an incorrect result An unavoidable consequence of complexity in software
5. Which statement about root cause is MOST accurate?
It is the first defect that appears in the source code It is any failure found in production It is the fundamental reason why a problem occurs It is another name for a defect report
6. A stakeholder asks, "How does testing relate to quality?" Which answer is MOST appropriate?
Testing alone guarantees a high-quality product Testing is irrelevant if developers are experienced Testing provides information about quality and helps reduce the risk of failures Testing replaces all other quality-related activities
7. Which statement BEST describes the relation between testing and quality assurance (QA)?
Both are process-oriented preventive activities Testing is product-oriented quality control; QA is process‑oriented quality assurance QA is a subset of testing There is no relationship between testing and QA
8. Which of the following is the BEST example of a failure?
A missing requirement in the specification Incorrect code that has never been executed A system crash when a user saves a record A tester misunderstanding the specification
9. Which statement about environmental causes of failure is TRUE?
Failures can only be caused by defects in code Environmental conditions such as radiation can also lead to failures Environmental causes are not considered in ISTQB Only hardware faults, not environment, can cause failures
10. Which of the following BEST describes testware?
Only automated test scripts All tools used in testing Work products produced during test activities, such as test cases and test logs Any hardware used to run the tests
11. Which statement BEST distinguishes testing from debugging?
Testing and debugging are identical activities Testing causes failures or finds defects; debugging finds and removes the causes of failures Testing fixes defects; debugging executes tests Testing is static; debugging is always dynamic
12. Which of the following is a typical activity in debugging after a failure is observed in dynamic testing?
Designing new test cases Reproducing the failure, diagnosing the defect, and fixing it Writing the test plan Performing regression testing
13. Which statement BEST describes verification?
Checking whether the system meets stakeholder expectations in its operational environment Checking whether the system is free of any remaining defects Checking whether the system meets specified requirements and design Checking whether the system is easy to use
14. Which statement BEST describes validation?
Evaluating the product only against legal and contractual requirements Checking whether the system meets specified requirements Evaluating whether the system fulfills its intended use and stakeholder expectations in the operational environment Ensuring all test cases are automated
15. Which of the following is NOT a typical test objective in ISTQB CTFL v4.0?
Providing information to support release decisions Reducing the risk of inadequate software quality Ensuring that no defects remain in the system Building confidence in the quality of the test object
16. Which objective MOST CLEARLY relates to coverage?
Ensuring that all requirements have at least one associated test case Ensuring that all testers follow the same process Ensuring that debugging is efficient Ensuring that the test environment is stable
17. Which of the following is a correct statement about confirmation testing (re-testing) after debugging is completed?
It checks that the fix has removed the specific failure It checks the entire system for new failures only It is performed only by developers It is a type of static testing
18. Which of these statements about regression testing is TRUE in the context of debugging?
It replaces confirmation testing It checks that changes have not introduced failures in unaffected areas It is done only before any debugging occurs It is unnecessary if debugging is done carefully
19. Which test objective BEST supports meeting contractual or regulatory requirements?
Causing as many failures as possible Verifying that the test object complies with legal and regulatory standards Demonstrating that exhaustive testing is possible Eliminating the need for external audits
20. Which principle explains why we focus testing on certain areas instead of trying to test everything?
Exhaustive testing is impossible Absence-of-defects fallacy Testing is context dependent Tests wear out
21. Which principle MOST DIRECTLY supports starting reviews and testing activities as early as possible?
Defects cluster together Early testing saves time and money Absence-of-defects fallacy Testing is context dependent
22. The observation that a small number of components usually contain most of the defects BEST illustrates which principle?
Testing is context dependent Defects cluster together Tests wear out Exhaustive testing is possible
23. Which principle is also known as the \"pesticide paradox\"?
Testing shows the presence of defects Tests wear out Defects cluster together Absence-of-defects fallacy
24. Which principle emphasizes that the appropriate test approach depends on the type of system and its risks?
Testing is context dependent Exhaustive testing is impossible Early testing saves time and money Absence-of-defects fallacy
25. What does the absence‑of‑defects fallacy mainly warn against?
Believing that no testing is needed for high‑quality products Expecting that a defect‑free product is always successful and meets business needs Assuming that testers cause most defects Expecting that early testing always increases costs
26. Which statement BEST explains why testing is necessary from a risk perspective?
Testing eliminates all project risks Testing reduces the level of risk related to software failures in operation Testing guarantees that no failures will occur in production Testing is necessary only for safety‑critical systems
27. Why is testing considered a cost‑effective means of quality control?
It completely removes the need for reviews It finds defects that can be removed before causing expensive failures in operation It replaces the need for user training It guarantees that the system will succeed in the market
28. Which of the following BEST reflects the role of testing in project decision making?
Testing prevents stakeholders from making risky decisions Testing provides information that supports decisions such as release readiness Testing decides which features to implement Testing approves all changes in requirements
29. Which list of levels of tester independence is in the correct order, starting with the most independent first?
Tests designed by the author; tests designed by another member of the development team; tests designed by someone from a different company. Tests designed by someone from a different department within the company; tests designed by the author; tests designed by someone from a different company. Tests designed by someone from a different company; tests designed by someone from a different department within the company; tests designed by another member of the development team Tests designed by someone from a different department within the company; tests designed by someone from a different company; tests designed by the author.
30. When assembling a test team to work on an enhancement to an existing system, which of the following has the highest level of test independence?
A business analyst who wrote the original requirements for the system. A permanent programmer who reviewed some of the new code, but has not written any of it. A permanent tester who found most defects in the original system. A contract tester who has never worked for the organization before.
31. The following statements relate to activities that are part of the test process.
(i) and (iii) are part of Test Analysis and Design; (ii), (iv) and (v) are part of Test Implementation and Execution. (i), (iii), and (iv) are part of Test Analysis and Design; (ii) and (v) are part of Test Implementation and Execution. (i) and (v) are part of Test Analysis and Design; (ii), (iii) and (iv) are part of Test Implementation and Execution. (i) and (iv) are part of Test Analysis and Design; (ii), (iii) and (v) are part of Test Implementation and Execution.
32. Which of the following are valid justifications for developers testing their own code during unit testing? (i) Their lack of independence is mitigated by independent testing during system and acceptance testing. (ii) A person with a good understanding of the code can find more defects more quickly using white-box techniques. (iii) Developers have a better understanding of the requirements than testers. (iv) Testers write unnecessary incident reports because they find minor differences between the way in which the system behaves and the way in which it is specified to work.
(i) and (ii) (i) and (iv) (ii) and (iii) (iii) and (iv)
33. Which one of the following describes the major benefit of verification early in the life cycle?
It enables early identification of changes to user requirements. It facilitates timely setup of the test environment. It reduces defect multiplication. It allows testers to become involved early in the project.
34. Although a test that previously exposed many defects is part of the regression suite, no new test cases have been added for the module under test for a long time. Which testing principle is the test team forgetting?
Absence-of-errors fallacy Defect clustering Tests wear out Early testing
35. Test objectives vary across projects and should be stated in the test plan. Which of the following test objectives might conflict with the proper tester mindset?
Show that the system works before we ship it. Find as many defects as possible Reduce the overall level of product risk Prevent defects through early involvement
36. Which of the following characterizes the cost of faults?
They are cheapest to find in the early development phases and the most expensive to fix in the latest test phases. They are easiest to find during system testing but the most expensive to fix then. Faults are cheapest to find in the early development phases but the most expensive to fix then. Although faults are most expensive to find during early development phases, they are cheapest to fix then.
37. Which of the following statements BEST describes one of the seven key principles of software testing?
Automated tests are better than manual tests for avoiding exhaustive testing Exhaustive testing is, with sufficient effort and tool support, feasible for all software It is normally impossible to test all input / output combinations for a software system. The purpose of testing is to demonstrate the absence of defects.
38. What is the benefit of independent testing?
More work gets done because testers do not disturb developers all the time. Independent testers tend to be unbiased and find different defects than the developers. Independent testers do not need extra education and training. Independent testers reduce the bottleneck in the incident management process.
39. Which of the following is not a testing objective?
Triggering failures Gaining confidence about the level of quality and providing information Evaluating test basis Debugging defects
40. The following statements relate to activities that are part of the fundamental test process. i) Evaluating the testability of requirements. ii) Repeating testing activities after changes. iii) Designing the test environment setup. iv) Developing and prioritizing test cases. v) Verifying that the environment is set up correctly. Which statement below is TRUE?
(i) and (ii) are part of analysis and design, (iii), (iv) and (v) are part of test implementation and execution. (i) and (ii) are part of analysis and design, (iii), (iv) and (v) are part of test implementation and execution. (i) and (v) are part of analysis and design, (ii), (iii) and (iv) are part of test implementation and execution (i) and (iv) are part of analysis and design, (ii), (iii) and (v) are part of test implementation and execution.